Urinary Tract Infection (Cystitis)
Cystitis is an inflammation of the urinary bladder. It is usually caused by bacteria that enter the bladder though the external urinary opening (ascending infection), or by kidney infections that spread to the bladder (descending infection). Occasionally, infections in other parts of the body spread to the bladder though the bloodstream. Prostatic infection can cause recurring bladder infections in males. Bladder stones (calculi) are a common cause of chronic cystitis. Females appear to be more susceptible to bladder infections than males.Common signs of bladder infection include frequent licking of the urinary opening, frequent voiding of small amounts of urine, blood in the urine, painful urination, and unproductive straining to urinate.Important Points in TreatmentMedication must be given as directed. Evening medication should be given after the last trip outdoors, and morning medication should be given after your pet is allowed the opportunity to urinate. Call your veterinarian if you cannot give the medication as directed.Make sure your pet has frequent opportunities to urinate during the day, as prolonged urine retention tends to promote cystitis.Diet may play an important part in treatment. Your pet should always have access to clean, fresh water. Your veterinarian may have instructions as to dietary changes such as switching foods or treats.Notify your veterinarian if any of the following occur: * Your pet continues to have discomfort when urinating * Your pet cannot urinate * Your pet vomits or has diarrhea * Your pet continues to have bloody urine * Your pet’s problem recurs after apparent recovery